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This chapter focuses on international humanitarian law, which differs from human rights law in that it concentrates on specified conflict-related acts and does not give rise to individual claims. Refugee law has been discussed in Part IV.

While these fields are closely linked, they need to be distinguished systematically. Today, three areas of modern international law attempt to provide protection to victims of war: human rights law, refugee law and humanitarian law. Therefore, over the years, experts have focused much attention on the formulation of instruments aimed at alleviating human suffering during war and conflict.

It is often during armed conflicts that human rights are infringed upon the most.